Women+of+Science

Dates: 1909-1974
**Known for: Designed & introduced the Apgar Score. **

4)Elizabeth Blackwell:
I do not wish to give [women] a first place, still less a second one--but the most complete freedom, to take their __true__ place whatever it may be," asserted pioneer physician Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910) in this spirited response to a suggestion by Lady Noel Byron (1792-1860) that women doctors should assume a secondary position in the medical profession. Blackwell, who against great odds became the first woman in the United States to obtain a medical degree, took umbrage at Byron's "fatal error" of ranking human beings according to __sex__ instead of __character__."http://international.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mcc:@field(DOCID+@lit(mcc/065))  The great object of education has nothing to do with woman’s rights or man’s rights, but with the development of the human soul and body. My great dream is of a grand moral reform society, a wide movement ... combined that it could be brought to bear on any outrage or prominent evil.

She was the first woman to graduate medical school.

**7)Diane Fossey:**
She was an American zoologist who completed an extensive study of eight gorilla groups by closely observing their lives in the mountain forests of Rwanda. Her work was similar to Jane Goodall’s research on chimpanzees. **Dates:** [|April 3], 1934 - **Known for:** Primatologist Jane Goodall is known for her chimpanzee observation and research at Gombe Stream Reserve.

**11)Barbara McClintock:**
**Dates:** June 16, 1902 - September 2, 1992 **Known for:** Geneticist Barbara McClintock won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology for her discovery of transposable genes.

13)Maria Mitchell:
[|**Maria Mitchell**] **Dates:** [|January 15], 1850 - February 10, 1891 **Known for:** Maria Mitchell was the first professional woman astronomer in the United States. She was the first woman member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

**14)Dixy Lee Ray**
**Dates:** September 3, 1914 - January 3, 1994 **Known for:** A marine biologist and environmentalist, Dixy Lee Ray taught at the University of Washington. She was tapped by President Richard M. Nixon to head the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) where she defended nuclear power plants as environmentally responsible. In 1976, she ran for governor of Washington state, winning one term, then losing the Democratic primary in 1980.

**16)Ellen Swallow Richards:**
**Dates:** December 3, 1842 – March 30, 1911 **Known for:** Ellen Swallow Richards was the first woman in the United States to be accepted at a scientific school. A chemist, she's credited with founding the discipline of home economics.

17)Sally Ride:
[|**Sally Ride**] **Dates:** [|May 26], 1951 - **Known for:** Sally Ride was the first American woman in space.

**18)Florence Sabin**
**Dates:** November 9, 1871 - October 3, 1953 **Known for:** Called the "first lady of American science," Florence Sabin studied the lymphatic and immune systems. She was the first female to hold a full professorship at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, where she had begun studying in 1896. She advocated for women's rights and higher education.

19)Margaret Sanger:
[|**Margaret Sanger**] **Dates:** [|September 14], 1879 - September 6, 1966 **Known for:** Margaret Sanger was a nurse who promoted birth control as a means by which a woman could exercise control over her life and health.

20)Charlotte Scott:
[|**Charlotte Angas Scott**] **Dates:** [|June 8], 1858 - November 10, 1931 **Known for:** Charlotte Angas Scott was the first head of the mathematics department at Bryn Mawr College. She also initiated the College Entrance Examination Board and helped organize the American Mathematical Society.

**21)Helen Taussig:**
**Dates:** May 24, 1898 - May 20, 1986 **Known for:** Helen Brooke Taussig discovered the cause of the problem called "blue babies" and developed with a colleague a shunt, the Blalock-Taussig shunt, to correct the condition. She was also responsible for identifying the drug Thalidomide as the cause of a rash of birth defects in Europe.

22)Shieila Tobias:
[|**Sheila Tobias**] **Dates:** April 26, 1935 - **Known for:** Sheila Tobias wrote //Overcoming Math Anxiety//, about women's experience of math education; she has researched and written extensively about gender issues in math and science education.